Research in the Archival Multiverse

Over the past 15 years, the field of archival studies around the world has experienced unprecedented growth within the academy and within the profession, and archival studies graduate education programs today have among the highest enrolments in any information field. During the same period, there has also been unparalleled expansion and innovation in the diversity of methods and theories being applied in archival scholarship. Global in scope, Research in the Archival Multiverse compiles critical and reflective essays across a wide range of emerging research areas and interests in archival studies; it aims to provide current and future archival academics with a text addressing possible methods and theoretical frameworks that have been and might be used in archival scholarship and research

Research in the Archival Multiverse

Over the past 15 years, the field of archival studies around the world has experienced unprecedented growth within the academy and within the profession, and archival studies graduate education programs today have among the highest enrolments in any information field. During the same period, there has also been unparalleled expansion and innovation in the diversity of methods and theories being applied in archival scholarship. Global in scope, Research in the Archival Multiverse compiles critical and reflective essays across a wide range of emerging research areas and interests in archival studies; it aims to provide current and future archival academics with a text addressing possible methods and theoretical frameworks that have been and might be used in archival scholarship and research

Identification of compounds with anti-human cytomegalovirus activity that inhibit production of IE2 proteins

Using a high throughput screening methodology we surveyed a collection of largely uncharacterized validated or suspected kinase inhibitors for anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity. From this screen we identified three structurally related 5-aminopyrazine compounds (XMD7-1, -2 and -27) that inhibited HCMV replication in virus yield reduction assays at low micromolar concentrations. Kinase selectivity assays indicated that each compound was a kinase inhibitor capable of inhibiting a range of cellular protein kinases. Western blotting and RNA sequencing demonstrated that treatment of infected cells with XMD7 compounds resulted in a defect in the production of the major HCMV transcriptional transactivator IE2 proteins (IE2-86, IE2-60 and IE2-40) and an overall reduction in transcription from the viral genome. However, production of certain viral proteins was not compromised by treatment with XMD7 compounds. Thus, these novel anti-HCMV compounds likely inhibited transcription from the viral genome and suppressed production of a subset of viral proteins by inhibiting IE2 protein production

Course of FEV1 after Onset of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in Lung Transplant Recipients

Rationale: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), defined by loss of lung function, develops in the majority of lung transplant recipients. However, there is a paucity of information on the subsequent course of lung function in these patients. Objectives: To characterize the course of FEV1 over time after development of BOS and to determine the predictors that influence the rate of functional decline of FEV1. Methods: FEV1% predicted (FEV1%pred) trajectories were studied in 111 lung transplant recipients with BOS by multivariate, linear, mixed-effects statistical models. Measurements and Main Results: FEV1%pred varied over time after BOS onset, with the steepest decline typically seen in the first 6 months (12% decline; p < 0.0001). Bilateral lung transplant recipients had significantly higher FEV1%pred at BOS diagnosis (71 vs. 47%; p < 0.0001) and at 24 months after BOS onset (58 vs. 41%; p = 0.0001). Female gender and pretransplant diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were associated with a steeper decline in FEV1%pred in the first 6 months after BOS diagnosis (p = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). A fall in FEV1 greater than 20% in the 6 months preceding BOS (termed “rapid onset”) was associated with shorter time to BOS onset (p = 0.01), lower FEV1%pred at BOS onset (p < 0.0001), steeper decline in the first 6 months (p = 0.03), and lower FEV1%pred at 2 years after onset (p = 0.0002). Conclusions: Rapid onset of BOS, female gender, pretransplant diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and single-lung transplantation are associated with worse pulmonary function after BOS onset.Supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants K23 HL077719 (V.N.L.) and K24 HL04212 (F.J.M.), and by a grant from the American Society of Transplantation/ Chest Foundation (V.N.L.).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91969/1/2007 AJRCCM Course of FEV1 after Onset of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in Lung Transplant Recipients.pd

Mild sp2Carbon-Oxygen Bond Activation by an Isolable Ruthenium(II) bis(Dinitrogen) Complex: Experiment and Theory

The isolable ruthenium(II) bis(dinitrogen) complex [Ru(H)2(N2)2(PCy3)2] (1) reacts with aryl ethers (Ar–OR, R = Me and Ar) containing a ketone directing group to effect sp2C–O bond activation at temperatures below 40 °C. DFT studies support a low-energy Ru(II)/Ru(IV) pathway for C–O bond activation: oxidative addition of the C–O bond to Ru(II) occurs in an asynchronous manner with Ru–C bond formation preceding C–O bond breaking. Alternative pathways based on a Ru(0)/Ru(II) couple are competitive but less accessible due to the high energy of the Ru(0) precursors. Both experimentally and by DFT calculations, sp2C–H bond activation is shown to be more facile than sp2C–O bond activation. The kinetic preference for C–H bond activation over C–O activation is attributed to unfavorable approach of the C–O bond toward the metal in the selectivity determining step of the reaction pathway

A 3D-Hybrid-Shot Spiral Sequence for Hyperpolarized 13^{13}C Imaging

Purpose: Hyperpolarized imaging experiments have conflicting requirements of high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution. Spectral-Spatial RF excitation has been shown to form an attractive magnetization-efficient method for hyperpolarized imaging, but the optimum readout strategy is not yet known. Methods: In this work we propose a novel 3D hybrid-shot spiral sequence which features two constant density regions that permit the retrospective reconstruction of either high spatial or high temporal resolution images post hoc, (adaptive spatiotemporal imaging) allowing greater flexibility in acquisition and reconstruction. Results: We have implemented this sequence, both via simulation and on a pre-clinical scanner, to demonstrate its feasibility, in both a 1H phantom and with hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate in vivo. Conclusion: This sequence forms an attractive method for acquiring hyperpolarized imaging datasets, providing adaptive spatiotemporal imaging to ameliorate the conflict of spatial and temporal resolution, with significant potential for clinical translation

Why is the Journal of Critical Library and Information Studies Needed Today?

In this Editors' Note, guest editors Andrew J Lau, Alycia Sellie, and Ronald E. Day introduce the inaugural issue for the Journal of Critical Library and Information Studies (JCLIS)